Applications of
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Miranker, A



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Andrew Miranker, Yale University
Andrew Miranker received his bachelors degree in 1986 from Carnegie-Mellon University. From Pittsburg, he pursued his dissertation in biophysics in the laboratory of Professor Martin Karplus at Harvard University, Dept. of Chemistry. There, he evaluated the physical basis of molecular recognition through the development of tools for computer aided drug-design. These tools included small molecule docking algorithms as well as a computational alchemical approach to de novo prediction of molecules complementary to macromolecular surfaces. Dr Miranker completed his dissertation in 1992 and traveled abroad to the University of Oxford, UK. As a NATO fellow, and Junior Research Fellow of Christ Church, Dr Miranker investigated globular protein folding using spectroscopic and hydrogen exchange techniques. These studies identified the importance of sub-domains to protein folding pathways and saw the development of novel applications of hydrogen exchange particularly through the use of native state electrospray mass spectrometry. This work was accomplished under the guidance of Professor Christopher M. Dobson at the Oxford Centre for Molecular Sciences. Dr Miranker joined the faculty of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry at Yale University in the fall of 1997. There he has established an independent laboratory which focuses on experimental and computational investigations of protein folding, misfolding and pathological protein assembly in human disease.

Abstract
Catalytic origins of protein misfolding in end-stage renal failure

Andrew Miranker, Dept. of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry Office, Yale University Lab, 266 Whitney Avenue / Bass 318 PO Box 208114, New Haven, CT 06520-8114, USA

Amyloid fibers are long, unbranched and insoluble homo-assemblies of proteins. The self-assembly of such structures occurs in a number of human diseases such as Alzheimer's, as part of biological function such as in melanin deposition, and as a scaffold for design as in the formation of conductive wires. The process of fiber formation is complex with nucleation dependent kinetics giving rise to cytotoxic intermediates resulting in a product which is macroscopic. These properties are the result, in part, of a transient and heterogeneous assembly mechanism making structural insight particularly challenging. b-2-microglobulin (b2m) is the conserved, 99 amino acid globular protein required for the correct folding and cell surface expression of class I major histocompatability complex. In patients with end-stage renal disease treated by hemodialysis, b2m undergoes transitions resulting in its deposition as amyloid principally in the liver and joint spaces. Our recent analyses of b2m amyloid formation have enabled us to identify the existence of a monomeric and native-like intermediate on the pathway of fiber formation. This state, is catalytically accessed by the presence of transition metal cation. This intermediate rapidly assembles into discrete oligomeric states which display little additional oligomerization on the timescale of their own formation (<1hr). Amyloid fiber formation progresses from these intermediate states but on much longer time scales. The native-like structure and discrete oligomeric size of these amyloid intermediates suggests that this protein forms fibers by structural domain swapping. As transition metal cation effects are reported in many other amyloidoses, e.g. prion, Parkinson's, and Alzheimer's, elucidation of the mechanism of b2m amyloid formation enables us to define general mechanisms for divalent ion associated amyloidosis.

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